LL-37
Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 (37 amino acids)
Human cathelicidin peptide research examining antimicrobial defense, immune signaling, and wound healing.
Route
Subcutaneous in the community experimental protocol
Common format
5 mg vial
Research focus
antimicrobial defense
Evidence level
Limited Human Evidence
Typical cycle
8–12 weeks
ImmuneLL-37 in 30 seconds
Atlas Fast ReadWhat it is
Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 (37 amino acids)
Why people care
Human cathelicidin peptide research examining antimicrobial defense, immune signaling, and wound healing.
Human evidence
Limited Human Evidence — Human interventional or clinical data exist, but studies are small, early-phase, mixed, indirect, route-specific, or not confirmatory.
Biggest misconception
Key gaps include larger independent trials, clearer dose-response data, long-term safety, clinically meaningful endpoints, and evidence that findings generalize beyond the narrow populations or routes already studied.
Bottom line
LL-37 has a real human signal or documented human pharmacology, but evidence is too small, mixed, route-specific, or indication-specific to justify broad claims.
Overview
What is LL-37?
LL-37 is human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 (37 amino acids). Human cathelicidin peptide research examining antimicrobial defense, immune signaling, and wound healing.
LL-37 was characterized as the active C-terminal peptide of the human cathelicidin precursor hCAP18 in the 1990s. It became a major innate-immunity research target because of its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory actions.
Mechanism
How it works
Directly disrupts microbial membranes and also acts as an immune signaling molecule, influencing chemotaxis, cytokines, epithelial repair, angiogenesis, and biofilm biology. Effects can be protective or pro-inflammatory depending on context.
Research areas
Evidence
What does the evidence actually say?
Human interventional or clinical data exist, but studies are small, early-phase, mixed, indirect, route-specific, or not confirmatory.
Preclinical Evidence
Limited Human Evidence
Strong Human Evidence
Human evidence
Preclinical evidence
Knowledge gaps
Protocol
Research protocol
Dose
Frequency
Timing
Route
Cycle length
Reconstitution
Storage
Monitoring
Protocols vary widely between sources. Investigational compounds are not approved therapies, and approved products should follow their official labeling. Nothing here is medical advice.
Safety
Safety, side effects, and precautions
Side effects
Contraindications
Interactions
Stacks
Common stacks
No well-supported stack is highlighted for this peptide yet.
Questions
FAQ
References
Sources
- Human randomized trialTreatment with LL-37 is safe and effective in enhancing healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers
- Human phase IIb trialEvaluation of LL-37 in healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers
- Human randomized trialEfficacy of LL-37 cream in enhancing healing of diabetic foot ulcer
- Primary literature indexPubMed literature search: LL-37
- Clinical trials indexClinicalTrials.gov search: LL-37
Atlas
The Atlas verdict
LL-37 has a real human signal or documented human pharmacology, but evidence is too small, mixed, route-specific, or indication-specific to justify broad claims. The most defensible use of the literature is to separate what has actually been measured in people from what is still extrapolated from mechanism or animal work.